Bee research

National Bee Unit - 2011 End of Year Report

The NBU provides an integrated programme of apiary inspections, diagnostics, research and development and training and advice which are provided by a team of bee scientists and experienced practical beekeepers. The NBU also provides specialist advice and technical consultancy services on bee health to other government departments, beekeepers and industry.

Click here to download 2011 End of Year Report

Bee hive hums recorded to monitor insects' health
By Mark Ward
BBC - February 1, 2012
Honey bees use vibration to communicate while inside the hive. Monitoring devices are being put in bee hives across Scotland as part of a project to keep an eye on their health. The monitors record temperature and use a microphone to record the hum the bees make while working and resting. Already the project has started to show the many different hums bees use to co-ordinate their work. The project is also helping to work out which environmental forces and factors are behind the decline in bees and other pollinators.
Link to article (and audio) on BBC

Pesticides blamed for bee decline
By Jonathan Own
Independent - January 20, 2012
Compelling new evidence from the US government's top bee expert that modern pesticides may be a major cause of collapsing bee populations led to calls yesterday for the chemicals to be banned. A study published in the current issue of the German science journal Naturwissenschaften, reveals how bees given minute doses of the widely used pesticide imidacloprid became more vulnerable to infections from a deadly parasite, nosema.
Link to article on Independent

Social or solitary: It’s in bees’ genes
Futurity - December 15, 2011
A new study of different types of bees—bumble bees, honey bees, stingless bees, and solitary bees—offers a first look at the genetic underpinnings of their different lifestyles. Most people have trouble telling them apart, but these different bee species have home lives that are as different from one another as a monarch’s palace is from a hippie commune or a hermit’s cabin in the woods.
Link to article on Futurity
(Futurity - Research news from top universities in the US, UK, Canada and Australia)

Protein Love Triangle Key to Crowning Queen Bees
BioScience Technology - November 11, 2011
A honey bee becomes a royal queen or a common worker as a result of the food she receives as a larva. While it has been well established that royal jelly is the diet that makes bees queens, the molecular path from food to queen is still in dispute. However, scientists at Arizona State University, led by Adam Dolezal and Gro Amdam, have helped reconcile some of the conflicts about bee development and the role of insulin pathways and partner proteins. Their article "IIS and TOR nutrient-signaling pathways act via juvenile hormone to influence honey bee cast fate" has been published in the December issue of the Journal of Experimental Biology.
Link to article BioScience Technology

Antibiotic dangers trap bees in a Catch 22
By Mathew Thompson
PhysOrg - November 2, 2011
Honey bees are trapped in a Catch 22 where antibiotics used to protect them from bacterial illnesses ravaging hives are making them die from commonly used pesticides, some of which are used to ward-off bee-killing parasites.
Link to article on PhysOrg

Nutrigenomics in honey bees: Digital gene expression analysis of pollen's nutritive effects on healthy and varroa-parasitized bees
7th Space Interactive - October 10, 2011
Malnutrition is a major factor affecting animal health, resistance to disease and survival. In honey bees (Apis mellifera), pollen, which is the main dietary source of proteins, amino acids and lipids, is essential to adult bee physiological development while reducing their susceptibility to parasites and pathogens. However, the molecular mechanisms underlying pollen's nutritive impact on honey bee health remained to be determined. For that purpose, we investigated the influence of pollen nutrients on the transcriptome of worker bees parasitized by the mite Varroa destructor, known for suppressing immunity and decreasing lifespan.
Link to article in 7th Space Interactive

Updated genome assembly and annotation of Paenibacillus larvae, the agent of American foulbrood disease of honey bees
7th Space Interactive - September 16, 2011
As scientists continue to pursue various 'omics-based research, there is a need for high quality data for the most fundamental 'omics of all: genomics. The bacterium Paenibacillus larvae is the causative agent of the honey bee disease American foulbrood. If untreated, it can lead to the demise of an entire hive; the highly social nature of bees also leads to easy disease spread, between both individuals and colonies. Biologists have studied this organism since the early 1900s, and a century later, the molecular mechanism of infection remains elusive.
Link to article on 7th Space Interactive

Honeybees are tracked with data-matrix codes and Pictor smart cameras
By John Wallace
Laserfocusworld - September 12, 2011
Suhl, Germany--Scientists in the BEEgroup at the University of Würzburg research the biology of the honeybee and study ways to keep bee populations healthy; now they're keeping track of their honeybees by attaching a different 2D data-matrix code to each bee. This is being done through the HOneyBee Online Studies (HOBOS) project. Jürgen Tautz is the founder of the BEEgroup and developed the HOBOS concept.
Link to article on Laserfocusworld

Buzz word is bees have own language
By Jenny Fyall
Scotsman - September 11, 2011
HONEY bee hives across Scotland have been fitted with sound-monitoring computers to test a theory the insects have an entire language previously unknown to humans. Researchers believe the insects may make different noises when they are plagued by disease, have lost their queen or are being poisoned by pesticides. If scientists can learn to interpret the sounds it could help stop mass declines of the crucial pollinators across the globe, scientists believe.
Link to article on Scotsman

RoboBee speaks honeybee dance language
By Michael Marshall
New Scientist - August 19, 2011
IT SMELLS, it buzzes, it even dances like a honeybee. In a field in Germany, RoboBee is making its first attempts at speaking to the insects in their own language. Bees are famous for communicating using the waggle dance - walking forward while rapidly vibrating their rear. In the 1940s, biologist Karl von Frisch realised that the length and angle of the dance correlated with the distance and direction of the food source the bee had just visited. Since then, most apiologists have held that dancers tell their fellows where to find food. Now Tim Landgraf of the Free University of Berlin in Germany and colleagues have programmed their foam RoboBee, to mimic the dance. RoboBee is stuck to the end of a rod attached to a computer, which determines its "dance" moves. The rod is also connected to a belt which makes it vibrate. Like a real bee, it can spin, buzz its wings, carry scents and droplets of sugar water, and give off heat.
Link to article on New Scientist

Insect pollination work at East Malling Research Centre
BBC - July 20, 2011
Researchers have been presenting their work on pollinating insects at a fruit industry event at the East Malling Research Centre in Kent. A £10m, five-year initiative to find alternative species to honey bees which help with fruit pollination is being carried out by the University of Reading and the Kent-based fruit marketing company Norman Collett. The impact of varroa mite and colony collapse disorder on honey bee species has led to concerns in the fruit industry that pollination problems could cause food shortages. Kent, once referred to as the Garden of England, is famous for its fruit production. It is also home to Brogdale Farm in Faversham, which holds the National Fruit Collections, one of the world's largest collections of fruit tree and plant varieties.
Link to article and video on BBC

New study suggests severe deficits in UK honeybee numbers
Eurekalert - July 1, 2011
A study published by the University of Reading's Centre for Agri Environmental Research suggests that honeybees may not be as important to pollination services in the UK than previously supposed. The research was published in the Journal Agriculture, Ecosystems and Environment. "Pollination services are vital to agricultural productivity in the UK" says lead author Tom Breeze "as of 2007, 20% of the UK's cropland was covered by insect pollinated crops like oilseed rape and apples. For decades now we have assumed that honeybees have been providing the majority of pollination services to these systems but have very limited evidence to base this assumption on."
Link to article on Eurekalert

Bee Line
By Mandy Thoo
Science Alert (Au) - June 21, 2011
For an insect with a brain the size of a seed, the honeybee has a most impressive list of skills. Its amazing navigational abilities, such as scoring perfect landings, or performing complex flight manoeuvres, have helped the advancement of flight technology, including unmanned aircraft vehicles (UAV). Vision scientists have recently uncovered another ability of the honeybee – it can find its way home from an astounding 11 kilometres away over several days’ travel by remembering global landmarks and reading information from the sky. Previous research has shown that honeybees return home by remembering landmarks around the hive, the panorama view of the horizon, using the sun and polarised skylight as compasses and by memorising their outbound flight paths.
Link to article on Science Alert

Temporal Analysis of the Honey Bee Microbiome Reveals Four Novel Viruses and Seasonal Prvalence of Known Viruses, Nosema and Crithidia
PLoSOne - June 7, 2011
Honey bees (Apis mellifera) play a critical role in global food production as pollinators of numerous crops. Recently, honey bee populations in the United States, Canada, and Europe have suffered an unexplained increase in annual losses due to a phenomenon known as Colony Collapse Disorder (CCD). Epidemiological analysis of CCD is confounded by a relative dearth of bee pathogen field studies. To identify what constitutes an abnormal pathophysiological condition in a honey bee colony, it is critical to have characterized the spectrum of exogenous infectious agents in healthy hives over time. We conducted a prospective study of a large scale migratory bee keeping operation using high-frequency sampling paired with comprehensive molecular detection methods, including a custom microarray, qPCR, and ultra deep sequencing. We established seasonal incidence and abundance of known viruses, Nosema sp., Crithidia mellificae, and bacteria.
Link to article on PlosOne

Analytical methods applied to diverse types of Brazillian propolis
7th Space Intereactive - June 1, 2011
Propolis is a bee product, composed mainly of plant resins and beeswax, therefore its chemical composition varies due to the geographic and plant origins of these resins, as well as the species of bee. Brazil is an important supplier of propolis on the world market and, although green colored propolis from the southeast is the most known and studied, several other types of propolis from Apis mellifera and native stingless bees (also called cerumen) can be found.
Author: Alexandra SawayaIldenize CunhaMaria Marcucci
Credits/Source: Chemistry Central Journal 2011, 5:27
Link to article on 7th Space Interactive

How Do Honeybees Control Their Flight Speed to Avoid Obstacles?
ScienceDaily - May 13, 2011
Unlike humans, bees have a dorsal visual field that enables them to avoid obstacles above their heads. Until now, it was not known whether this helped them to control their flight speed. Recent research by biorobotics specialists at the Institut des sciences du mouvement (CNRS / Université de la Méditerranée) confirms that it does. Bees have been shown to adjust their speed according to obstacle proximity, whether such obstacles are in the horizontal or vertical plane. They achieve this through perceived optic flow, especially from overhead.
Link to article on ScienceDaily

Sub-Lethal Effects of Pesticide Residues in Brood Comb on Worker Honey Bee (Apis mellifera) Development and Longevity
PLoS ONE - April 14, 2011
Numerous surveys reveal high levels of pesticide residue contamination in honey bee comb. We conducted studies to examine possible direct and indirect effects of pesticide exposure from contaminated brood comb on developing worker bees and adult worker lifespan.
Link to abstract on PLoS ONE
Link to comment on Western Farm Press (US)

Support for the reproductive ground plan hypothesis of social evolution and major QTL for ovary traits of Africanized worker honey bees (Apis mellifera L.)
7th Space Interactive - April 13, 2011
The reproductive ground plan hypothesis of social evolution suggests that reproductive controls of a solitary ancestor have been co-opted during social evolution, facilitating the division of labor among social insect workers. Despite substantial empirical support, the generality of this hypothesis is not universally accepted.
Link to article on 7th Space Interactive

Protecting the pollinators part 2 - bees and disease

By Chrissie Giles
Wellcome Trust - March 24, 2011
Insect pollinators, including honeybees, bumblebees and hoverflies, are in decline. The £10 million Insect Pollinators Initiative - jointly funded by the Biotechnology and Biological Sciences Research Council, the Department for Environment, Food and Rural Affairs, the Natural Environment Research Council, the Scottish Government and the Wellcome Trust - has been launched to find out why. In the second of two articles, Chrissie Giles looks at four of the projects funded through the initiative to find out what the researchers are planning.
Link to article on Wellcome Trust
Protecting the pollinators part 1 - bees and ecology (March 24, 2011)
Nine projects funded in £10 million Insect Pollinators Initiative (June 22, 2010)

Bee-Doc
Bees in EuropE and the Decline of honeybee Colonies

A European Union research project called Bee-Doc has been looking into the problem since March [2011]. Together, 11 universities from nine different countries are working under Professor Robin Moritz, one of the world’s top experts in this field.

“The idea behind Bee-Doc is to seek three different research pillars, one aiming at diagnosis of diseases – developing new easy tools for bee disease diagnostics. The other is for developing strategies of disease prevention and the third one is trying to develop novel treatments that may rely less on the tedious chemical therapy that we have now.”
link to article on Euronews

Pheromone increases foraging honey bees, leads to healthier hives
Science Blog - February 11, 2011
The application of a naturally occurring pheromone to honey bee test colonies increases colony growth resulting in stronger hives overall, according to a new study conducted by scientists at Oregon State University and Texas A&M University. The study, which appeared this week in the journal, PLoS ONE, comes amid national concern over the existence of honey bee Colony Collapse Disorder (CCD) — a combination of events that result in the death of a bee colony. The causes behind CCD remain unknown, but researchers are focusing on four possible contributing factors: disease, pests, environmental conditions and nutrition.
Link to article on Science Blog
Link to abstract on PlosOne

Genetic weapon developed against honeybee-killer
By Victoria Gill
BBC News - December 22, 2010
Researchers have developed a genetic technique which could revitalise the fight against the honeybee's worst enemy - the Varroa mite. The method enables researchers to "switch off" genes in the Varroa mite, a parasite that targets the honeybee. The scientists say this could eventually be used to force the mites to "self-destruct". The treatment is now at an early, experimental stage but could be developed into an anti-Varroa medicine.
Link to article on BBC
Link to article on Guardian

Click here to read press release from defra

Bee challenged - toxin-laden nectar poses problems for honeybees
Newcastle University - December 20, 2010
Honeybees can learn to avoid nectar containing natural plant toxins but will eat it when there is no alternative, scientists at Newcastle University have found. This means that in areas dominated by these so called 'toxic plants' – such as almond or apple orchards –bees struggle to find an alternative food source and so are forced to eat toxic nectar. With honeybee populations already under stress, the Newcastle University team believe these toxin-laden nectars could, in some cases, be a factor affecting colony health. It has long been known that while most plants reward pollinators for visiting their flowers, some offer nectar that is poisonous. Honeybees – vital for crop pollination – may be susceptible to some of these nectar toxins and beekeepers and scientists have long recognized they can be poisoned by the nectar.
Link to press release on Eureka Alert

Sleepless honey bees miscommunicate, too, research at the University of Texas at Austin shows

In the busy world of a honey bee hive, worker bees need their rest in order to best communicate the location of food to their hive mates, research from The University of Texas at Austin shows. "When deprived of sleep, humans typically experience a diminished ability to perform a variety of tasks, including communicating as clearly or as precisely," said Dr. Barrett Klein, a former ecology, evolution and behavior graduate student at the university. "We found that sleep-deprived honey bees also experienced communication problems. They advertised the direction to a food site less precisely to their fellow bees."
Link to article on Eureka Alert

Database shows how bees see world in UV
By Neil Bowdler
BBC - December 11, 2010
Researchers are being offered a glimpse of how bees may see flowers in all their ultra-violet (UV) glory. The Floral Reflectance Database (FReD) was created by researchers at Imperial College London and Queen Mary, University of London. It enables researchers to "see" plant colours through the eyes of bees and other pollinating insects. Bees have different colour detection systems from humans, and can see in the UV spectrum. Details of the free database are published in the open-access journal PLoS ONE.
Link to article on BBC

Diet: making of a queen
Science Alert - November 3, 2010
The nature-nurture debate is a “giant step” closer to being resolved after scientists studying bees documented how environmental inputs can modify our genetic hardware. The research team was led by Professor Ryszard Maleszka of The Australian National University’s College of Medicine, Biology and Environment, working with colleagues from the German Cancer Institute in Heidelberg, Germany. Their work has uncovered the extensive molecular differences that occur in the brains of two types of genetically identical, but behaviourally different, female honey bees – worker bees and queen bees. The workers and queens develop along very different paths when put on different diets.
Link to article on Science Alert
Link to Abstract on Public Library of Science (PLoS)

Bees' tiny brains beat computers, study finds
Guardian - October 24, 2010
Bees can solve complex mathematical problems which keep computers busy for days, research has shown. Bees can solve complex mathematical problems which keep computers busy for days, research has shown. The insects learn to fly the shortest route between flowers discovered in random order, effectively solving the "travelling salesman problem" , said scientists at Royal Holloway, University of London. The conundrum involves finding the shortest route that allows a travelling salesman to call at all the locations he has to visit. Computers solve the problem by comparing the length of all possible routes and choosing the one that is shortest. Bees manage to reach the same solution using a brain the size of a grass seed. Dr Nigel Raine, from Royal Holloway's school of biological sciences, said: "Foraging bees solve travelling salesman problems every day. They visit flowers at multiple locations and, because bees use lots of energy to fly, they find a route which keeps flying to a minimum."
Link to article in Guardian

Old bees' memories fade, mirror that of mammals
ASU News - October 21, 2010
A study published Oct. 19 in the open access journal Public Library of Science (PLoS) ONE, shows that not just human memories fade. Scientists from Arizona State University and the Norwegian University of Life Sciences examined how aging impacts the ability of honeybees to find their way home. While bees typically are impressive navigators, able to wend their way home through complex landscapes after visits to flowers far removed from their nests, the study reveals that aging impairs the bees’ ability to extinguish the memory of an unsuitable nest site even after the colony has settled in a new home.
Link to article on ASU News (Arizona State University)

Mapping the flight of the bumblebee

Bumblebees are being studied to find out how they organise their nectar-collecting journeys. Researchers from the Royal Holloway University of London are monitoring a colony of trained bees inside a flight cage in Surrey. They're hoping to find out more about how the bees forage and optimise their flight paths. Dr Nigel Raine explains how the experiment works.

Interview with Ron Hoskins

Ron Hoskins: Solution to the Varroa Bee Mite 27-8-10 Radio Wammo Show, Kiwi FM

Bee decline already having dramatic effect on pollination of plants
By Richard Alleyne
Telegraph - September 6, 2010
A decline in bees and global warming are having a damaging effect on the pollination of plants, new research claims. Researchers have found that pollination levels of some plants have dropped by up to 50 per cent in the last two decades. The "pollination deficit" could see a dramatic reduction in the yield from crops. The research, carried out in the Rocky Mountains, Colorado, is the first to show that the effect is real and serves as a "warning" to Britain which if anything has seen an even greater decline in bees and pollinators. "This serves as a warning to other countries," said Professor James Thomson at the University of Toronto, who carried out the research.
Link to article in the Telegraph

New study on the effects of pesticides on the bee population
Rural Enterprise Solutions - August 17, 2010
The study, published in the journal Toxicology, suggests that the effects on bees, of two particular neonicotinoid pesticides, known as imidacloprid and thiacloprid, have been previously underestimated. Even low concentrations of the pesticides may be more deadly than previously thought, due to their high persistence in soil and water, suggesting that these pesticides may play a significant role in the death of bees.
Link to article on Rural Enterprise Solutions

Oregon State University entomologist looks to uncover what's killing honeybees
By Eric Mortenson
Oregon Live - July 12, 2010
Honeybees communicate in such complex fashion that they make the jaw drop. With a dance of vigorous waggles and figure-8 patterns, they tell hive mates the direction and distance to food in geometric relationship to the sun. With an array of released pheromones, they signal which intruder to sting, which eggs to tend and who is doomed to be thrown from the hive.
Link to article on Oregon Live

University law research to help honeybees
University of Greenwich - July 8, 2010
The health and welfare of UK honey bees is under threat from a combination of pests, pathogens and pesticides. Yet some of the problems facing honey bees and leading to the collapse of many hives may be made worse if there are no adequate laws and regulations in place to protect them. Now the University of Greenwich has launched a new research programme to review the current legal framework relating to bee conservation and biosecurity across the UK.
Link to article on University of Greenwich

£10m funding for Insect Pollinators - Projects announced
BBSRC - June 22, 2010
The Biotechnology and Biological Sciences Research Council (BBSRC), along with its co-funders have announced 9 projects to be funded through the Insect Pollinators Initiative. Among those projects specifically targeted to the honeybee:

• Dr Giles Budge, Fera - 'Modelling systems for managing bee disease: the epidemiology of European Foulbrood'
• Dr Eugene Ryabov, University of Warwick - 'Unravelling the impact of the mite Varroa destructor on the interaction between the honeybee and its viruses'

Click here for more details of all projects on BBSRC
Link to article, comment and debate in Guardian
Link to article on BBC

New insights into honey bee (Apis mellifera) pheromone communication.
Is the queen mandibular pheromone alone in colony regulation?
7th Space Interactive - June 18, 2010
In social insects, the queen is essential to the functioning and homeostasis of the colony. This influence has been demonstrated to be mediated through pheromone communication. However, the only social insect for which any queen pheromone has been identified is the honey bee (Apis mellifera) with its well-known queen mandibular pheromone (QMP). Although pleiotropic effects on colony regulation are accredited to the QMP, this pheromone does not trigger the full behavioral and physiological response observed in the presence of the queen, suggesting the presence of additional compounds.
Link to article on 7th Space Interactive
Link to abstract on Frontiers in Zoology

The bee lab at Sussex University gets ready to greet the new queens
LASI - Sussex University - June 16, 2010
As part of Project 1 of the Sussex Plan for honey bee health and wellbeing, queen's reared from colonies already identified as having hygienic workers, were today moved to the incubator for the final few days prior to hatching. Hygienic worker bees remove dead or infected larvae and pupae from their cells. This reduces the spread of diseases within a colony.
Link to article on LASI - Sussex University

2009 report on the impacts and sustainable use of pesticides
UK Pesticides Forum - June 17, 2010
The report demonstrates the work of the UK Pesticides Forum in 2009. It contains both 'annual report' items and the 'report of indicators reflecting impacts of pesticide use'. The report draws together the work of Government, Industry and other important stakeholders to find ways of reducing the impact from the use of pesticides. The report has been structured around the UK Pesticides Strategy. It covers progress with the action plans: human health; availability of products and techniques; water; biodiversity; amateur use; and amenity use. These items are prefaced by background information on the use of pesticides.
Link to article on UK Pesticides Forum
Click here for ebook version
Click here for pdf version

The University of Worcester has teamed up with the BBC

The University of Worcester has teamed up with the BBC and the National Trust to launch a major campaign to investigate the plight of honeybees in Britain. The University’s National Pollen and Aerobiology Research Unit (NPARU) will be taking samples of pollen, dead bees and honey across the season for analysis, as part of the Bee Part Of It! campaign.
Link to University of Worcester

Important Survey:
Bee Husbandry Practices 2009/2010

The National Bee Unit are once again conducting a national survey to obtain information on current honey bee husbandry practices. This is now the second year that they have carried out this survey and they intend to gather this data regularly to allow the monitoring of trends in UK beekeeping and to help with beekeeper training. The survey takes approximately 5-10 minutes to complete and will be of great value to beekeeping in the UK.
Link to Bee Husbandry Practices 2009/2010 on Beebase

Investigating Honey Bee Colony Losses in England and Wales
Fera - February, 2009
Historically colony losses have fluctuated greatly in the UK, with severe weather increasing colony losses. However, the last 9 years have seen a trend of slowly rising colony losses. The NBU responded by securing funding to investigate all reported abnormal colony losses.
Download Colony losses summary 2010 from Fera

Virtually understanding bumble bees
By Laura Joint
BBC Spotlight Devon - February 16, 2010
A Devon PhD student [from University of Exeter] has shed new light on the behaviour of bumble bees and pollination by creating a 'virtual' bee. Daniel Chalk has used artificial intelligence to provide information about real-life bumble bees. It is thought to be the first study of its kind and will inform policy-makers about cross-pollination between GM and non-GM crops.
Link to BBC Spotlight article

In Situ Hybridization Analysis of the Expression of Futsch, Tau, and MESK2 Homologues in the Brain of the European Honeybee (Apis mellifera L.)
PLoS One - February 16, 2010
The importance of visual sense in Hymenopteran social behavior is suggested by the existence of a Hymenopteran insect-specific neural circuit related to visual processing and the fact that worker honeybee brain changes morphologically according to its foraging experience.
Link to article in PLoS One

LASI hosts the networking meeting: 'What's the buzz? Bees, land use and the community'
LASI - February 15, 2010
How good is the British countryside for foraging honey bees?
A day of seminars, workshops and discussion forums focussing on the decline of honey bees and the impact of this on land use and the community as a whole.
Link to on LASI (University of Sussex Laboratory of Apiculture and Social Insects)

BBKA to fund a PhD project into investigating the genetic basis of hygienic behaviour in honeybees
BBKA - January 16, 2010
The British Beekeepers’ Association, which represents more than 16,000 of the country’s amateur beekeepers, will give a £36,000 grant to support the work of a post graduate student over the next three years, in the prestigious Laboratory of Apiculture and Social Insects (LASI) at Sussex University.

Apidologie
Peer-reviewed journal devoted to the biology of insects belonging to the superfamily Apoidea. The main topics include: behavior, ecology, pollination, genetics, physiology, toxicology and pathology. Systematic research can also be submitted to the extent that it concerns the Apoidea. Also accepted are research papers, including economic studies, on the rearing, exploitation and practical use of Apoidea and their products, as far as they relate to bees or to the beekeeping industry.
www.apidologie.org

The Journal of Apicultural Research
incorporating Bee World, publishes original research articles, original theoretical papers, notes, comments and authoritative reviews on scientific aspects of the biology, ecology, natural history and culture of all types of bee (superfamily Apoidea).

Link to www.ibra.org.uk

Journal of Experimental Biology
is the leading journal in comparative animal physiology. It publishes papers on the form and function of living organisms at all levels of biological organisation, from the molecular and subcellular to the integrated whole animal. It plays a major role in increasing cross-fertilisation of techniques and knowledge across specialisation boundaries. Our authors and readers reflect a broad interdisciplinary group of scientists who study molecular, cellular and organismal physiology in an evolutionarily and environmentally based context.

Click here to Search the Journal of Experimental Biology

Nature
International weekly journal of science
www.nature.com

Click here to view Video of Honeybee Genome research